UTILIZATION OF RED BETEL LEAF (Piper crocatum) AS HEALTHY FOOD AND DRINK TO REDUCE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Nurul Sakinah1, Zulfatma Amanda2, Narumi Sasilia3, Kandita Abdina4
1Student of Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Science
State University of Medan, Indonesia.
2Bilingual Student of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Science
State University of Medan, Indonesia.
3Student of English Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts State University of Medan, Indonesia.
4Bilingual Student of Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Science
State University of Medan, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Piper crocatum better known as the red betel is a plant that has many benefits that can provide a positive impact on health. Empirically benefits of red betel leaves can cure various diseases such as hepatitis, kidney stones, lower cholesterol, Prevent stroke, gout, cancer, hypertension, inflammation of the liver, prostate inflammation, eye inflammation, vaginal discharge, ulcers, fatigue, joint pain and diabetes mellitus, Based on the substance contained in red betel leaf contains active compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, cyanogenic, glucoside, isoprenoid, amino acids and eugenol. Chemical compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and can lower blood sugar levels. In Indonesia itself has a problem, ie the number of Patients with diabetes mellitus or commonly known by the public as diabetes. According to the data from the 2014 Indonesian Tempo Reviews largest of the 10 countries in the world with diabetes, on the 7th position with the number of Patients as many as 8.5 million people. Diabetes is a disease that usually attacks all ages and walks of life. The disease is Characterized by Increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) that occur as a result of the body's insulin deficiency. Judging from the potential content of the substances contained Therein, of course, red betel leaf has a huge potential to be processed into drinks and healthy food for lowering blood sugar levels. Besides red betel plant is Easily found and cultivated. However, due to lack of knowledge of the benefits of red betel by the public then still a little red betel processed and utilized as an alternative to traditional medicine. Therefore, this study aims to produce tea of red betel leaf as beverages and red betel making
chips as a meal or snack that is functional and healthy. It is expected that the public can later be used as food and beverages that may lower blood sugar levels, especially for people with diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: red betel, diabetes, tea, chips.
1. INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in the which levels of glucose (a simple sugar) in the blood is high Because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body can not use the insulin that is produced Effectively (Utaminingsih, 2009). Latest estimates IDF (International Diabetes Federation) there are 382 million people living with diabetes in the world in 2013. In 2035, that number is expected to rise to 592 million people. It is estimated that of the 382 million, 175 million of Whom Werner undiagnosed, so the danger of developing complications progressive unwittingly and without prophylaxis (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2014). Indonesia is one of the countries with high diabetes. According to a survey conducted by the World Health Organization, Indonesia ranks fourth in the number of diabetes sufferers in the world after India, China, and the United States with a prevalence of 8.6% of the total population. Number of Patients with diabetes mellitus for the whole of Indonesia by 14 million because of unhealthy lifestyles. It is estimated that in 2025 Increased to twice as much (Suryono, 2012).
People with diabetes can lower blood sugar levels by utilizing more natural crops traditional items, namely red betel leaves, the which are not Widely known by the public. Red betel leaves Contain tannins that serve as antidiabetic roommates Stimulate phosphorylation of glucose transport pathway as insulin mediated by binding directly to the insulin receptor. Alkaloids serve to lower blood glucose by inhibiting glucose absorption in the intestine. Polyphenols act as antioxidants that may protect cells from the pancreas damage from free radicals (Santoso in Suryono, 2012).
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Utilization of red betel leaf on health is only done based on the experience gained by generations. People in Java utilizing red betel leaf to cure hemorrhoids, vaginal discharge and mouthwash (Manoy, 2007). But in its development of leaves is used to treat various diseases Including diabetes (Utami & Puspaningtyas, 2013). Drinking red betel leaf boiled water every day can lower blood sugar levels to the normal level (Mardiana, 2012). Red betel leaves
Contain chemical compounds that can lower blood sugar levels are flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins.
According to research conducted by Rice, et al (2015), red betel leaf is used on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) To see the effect on blood sugar levels. The trick is to give the red with betel leaf stew singly or by adding a sugar solution. And the results both Showed a Decrease in blood sugar levels.
An area that Allows for the cultivation of red betel are in damp and shady and can grow well if it gets 60-75% of sunlight (Sudewo, 2010). For Diabetics, red betel leaves will be very useful for lowering blood sugar levels up to 12.6% and it is proven by the 95% confidence level (Suryono, 2012).
3. METHODOLOGY Location and Time
The study took place in the city of Medan, Indonesia for three months, from the
month from January to March 2018. This study aims membuatan food products such as chips and drinks such as tea powder derived from processed red betel leaf (Piper scrotum). The process of making chips and tea from the processed red betel conducted in UNIMED Biology Laboratory and house research. As for the quality analysis conducted at the Laboratory of Biology and Physics Laboratory UNIMED UNIMED.
Materials and Tools
1. Healthy Tea Powder Processing of Betel Leaf Red
The materials used in the processing of healthy tea is Red betel leaf that grows freely in the campus area and the residential area in the city of Medan. While the equipment used is the bowl, Dry Blender, Penepung Tool, Tray, Digital Scales, Knives, jars and other auxiliary equipment.
|
No.
|
tool
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Bowl
|
1 pc
|
|
2
|
Dry blender
|
1 pc
|
|
3
|
tools Penepung
|
1 pc
|
|
4
|
trays
|
1 pc
|
|
5
|
digital Scales
|
1 pc
|
|
6
|
Knife
|
1 pc
|
|
7
|
topless
|
1 pc
|
|
No.
|
material
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Red betel
|
Sufficiently
|
Product Overview:
Products we make-is an economical product and product efficacy. Efficient economical products and products that will we create the form. The efficient product the red betel powder in sachets packing and packaging products in an economical form of forms in the container the jar. At Approximately latest container we use 6 pieces of betel leaf that has been in though and get Netto 7g each latest to be made.
While the economic product in the form of jars we make-in net 1 kg. In the presentation that consumers can Make 1 cup of tea with one scoop of powder the red betel.
2. Healthy Snacks Processing Chips from the Red Betel Leaf
The materials are used mainly in the activities of Red betel leaf, Wheat Flour, Starch, Eggs, Tamarind, Garlic, Lengkoas, coriander, onion, pepper, chili, salt, sugar. While the equipment used is Knife, Frying Pan, Gas, Gas 12 kg, container product yield and other auxiliary equipment.
|
No.
|
tool
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Knife
|
1 pc
|
|
2
|
Pan
|
1 pc
|
|
3
|
gas stove
|
1 pc
|
|
4
|
Gas 12 kg
|
1 pc
|
|
No.
|
material
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Red betel
|
1 kg
|
|
2
|
wheat flour
|
500 g
|
|
3
|
starch
|
500 g
|
|
4
|
having a speech impediment
|
10 items
|
|
5
|
Candlenut
|
Sufficiently
|
|
6
|
garlic
|
10 cloves
|
|
7
|
Lengkoas
|
1 g
|
|
8
|
Coriander
|
1 ounce
|
|
9
|
Red onion
|
10 cloves
|
|
10
|
Pepper
|
1 g
|
|
11
|
cayenne pepper
|
Sufficiently
|
|
12
|
Salt
|
1 tablespoon
|
|
13
|
Sugar
|
2 spoon
|
Product Overview:
Red betel products into a healthy snack chip made in processed form. Chipping red betel we will make up in the form of chips berkemasan 1 kg with storage time based on empirical Approximately 3 months since the start of manufacture.
Research Procedure
The process of making tea powder red betel can be seen in Figure 1.
1. Red betel Tea Powder Processing
Raw materials, red betel
Sanctification and Cleansing
Raw materials in milled/crushed in a blender
Filtration with a filter
Quality Control + Weighing
Packing (packing) with packaging and jars + Perlabelan
Figure 1.
Flowchart of the process of pulverizing the betel leaf.
2. Processing Chips Red Betel
The main thing to make-chips red betel is a good selection of materials. The first step taken was looking red betel leaf.After that red betel washed using clean water. Red betel wash has dried. The dried red betel mixed with dough material that has been provided. The red betel leaf dip into the batter and fry over medium heat until crisp feel. After that add chili seasoning in accordance with the level of spiciness and packaged. The process of
making chips of red betel has been modified can be seen in Figure 2.
Raw materials, Red Bethel
Sanctification and Cleansing
The drying / Drying
Making the Dough + flooring
Red betel chips
Quality Control and Weighing
Packing (packing) with Plastic + Perlabelan
Use and Marketing
Figure 2.
Flowchart of the process of pulverizing the red betel leaves have been modified
Treatment
The treatment in this study is the process of making the red betel and chips done Try and error method to date has been to get the process of making tea and chips of red betel
better, with three replications. Processed products have been consumed and empirical experience gained by the Researchers.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Nutrition Processed Tea and Chips Red Betel
The composition of processed tea and red betel chips in addition to visits of nutrition in it, but Also influenced by the shape and quality of the raw materials used.
Red betel leaf has a lot of benefits and efficacy. Especially the benefits for health and beauty. Some of the content contained in the essential oil produced by the oil fly betel leaves (bisphenol), sesquiterpenes, starch, diastase, sugar and tannic substances and kavikol that has deadly germs, aktioksidasi, and fungicides, anti-fungal.
This product has many advantages Including very safe for our bodies and has properties that are very banyak.Produk It does not use additional preservatives and has a good
flavor.
Overall the quality of processed and red betel the resulting chips from the research is feasible for consumption and developed into a business opportunity that is stable and continuity and can be maintained.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
Marketing of tea and crackers picture beside the preparations of red betel. Industry and the business and crisp red betel can be implemented an if economically advantageous. Therefore, manufacturers need to do a preliminary assessment of the location, keterediaan raw materials, production processes, marketing, and pengaruhnua against language and business analysis.
Business location
Utilization of red betel plants into economically valuable products can be done in various areas. Additionally look for the red betel Habitat is a traditional medicinal plant commonly used in Indonesia can grow and develop Widely in Asian countries. So refined the red betel and banana chips can be made public or individual consumption.
But the Researchers Themselves assess the utilization of processed red betel venture into tea and chips can be economically valuable products when conducted at the Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences University of UNIMED, but It is also in the city of Medan, Indonesia.
Environmental factors in this area are quite suitable for the processing business place and crisp red betel. Thus, in principle, the location is enough support for business activities to Utilize the processing of red betel plants with high economic value.
product marketing
This product can be processed by any industrial or home-based businesses that are marketed in all areas of buying and selling severely in every market, souvenirs figures based or online sales.
Influence of the Environment Area
With the red betel nut processing business the results into products and chips, it can make people keep health with traditional drugs especially in processed engkonsumsi prevented or diabetes mellitus. Indirectly, this effort Also assists the Government in addressing the issue pepenurunan diabetes and another disease.
Judging from the employment opportunities for the surrounding population, this activity will a accommodate sejumah workforce can be recruited from the population Because Reviews These businesses can be developed in the small business community. So the negative impact of this activity known to Belum even more positive values.
5. REFERENCES
Nasi, L., Kairupan, C., Lintong, P. (2015). Efek Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Gambaran Morfologi Endokrin Pankreas Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm) (p. 821-826).
Setyadi, K., Rosalina., Mawardika, T. (2012). Pengaruh Terapi Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Lansia Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Ungaran Barat. PSIK STIKES Ngudi Waluyo Ungaran (p. 1-8).
Suryono. (2012). Efektifitas Daun Sirih Merah untuk Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah pada
Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Akademi Keperawatan Pamenang (p. 20-28).
Utami, P., & Puspaningtyas, E. (2013). The miracle of Herbs (p. 75-169). Agromedia
Pustaka. Jakarta.
Nurul Sakinah1, Zulfatma Amanda2, Narumi Sasilia3, Kandita Abdina4
1Student of Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Science
State University of Medan, Indonesia.
2Bilingual Student of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Science
State University of Medan, Indonesia.
3Student of English Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts State University of Medan, Indonesia.
4Bilingual Student of Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Science
State University of Medan, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Piper crocatum better known as the red betel is a plant that has many benefits that can provide a positive impact on health. Empirically benefits of red betel leaves can cure various diseases such as hepatitis, kidney stones, lower cholesterol, Prevent stroke, gout, cancer, hypertension, inflammation of the liver, prostate inflammation, eye inflammation, vaginal discharge, ulcers, fatigue, joint pain and diabetes mellitus, Based on the substance contained in red betel leaf contains active compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, cyanogenic, glucoside, isoprenoid, amino acids and eugenol. Chemical compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and can lower blood sugar levels. In Indonesia itself has a problem, ie the number of Patients with diabetes mellitus or commonly known by the public as diabetes. According to the data from the 2014 Indonesian Tempo Reviews largest of the 10 countries in the world with diabetes, on the 7th position with the number of Patients as many as 8.5 million people. Diabetes is a disease that usually attacks all ages and walks of life. The disease is Characterized by Increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) that occur as a result of the body's insulin deficiency. Judging from the potential content of the substances contained Therein, of course, red betel leaf has a huge potential to be processed into drinks and healthy food for lowering blood sugar levels. Besides red betel plant is Easily found and cultivated. However, due to lack of knowledge of the benefits of red betel by the public then still a little red betel processed and utilized as an alternative to traditional medicine. Therefore, this study aims to produce tea of red betel leaf as beverages and red betel making
chips as a meal or snack that is functional and healthy. It is expected that the public can later be used as food and beverages that may lower blood sugar levels, especially for people with diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: red betel, diabetes, tea, chips.
1. INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder in the which levels of glucose (a simple sugar) in the blood is high Because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body can not use the insulin that is produced Effectively (Utaminingsih, 2009). Latest estimates IDF (International Diabetes Federation) there are 382 million people living with diabetes in the world in 2013. In 2035, that number is expected to rise to 592 million people. It is estimated that of the 382 million, 175 million of Whom Werner undiagnosed, so the danger of developing complications progressive unwittingly and without prophylaxis (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2014). Indonesia is one of the countries with high diabetes. According to a survey conducted by the World Health Organization, Indonesia ranks fourth in the number of diabetes sufferers in the world after India, China, and the United States with a prevalence of 8.6% of the total population. Number of Patients with diabetes mellitus for the whole of Indonesia by 14 million because of unhealthy lifestyles. It is estimated that in 2025 Increased to twice as much (Suryono, 2012).
People with diabetes can lower blood sugar levels by utilizing more natural crops traditional items, namely red betel leaves, the which are not Widely known by the public. Red betel leaves Contain tannins that serve as antidiabetic roommates Stimulate phosphorylation of glucose transport pathway as insulin mediated by binding directly to the insulin receptor. Alkaloids serve to lower blood glucose by inhibiting glucose absorption in the intestine. Polyphenols act as antioxidants that may protect cells from the pancreas damage from free radicals (Santoso in Suryono, 2012).
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Utilization of red betel leaf on health is only done based on the experience gained by generations. People in Java utilizing red betel leaf to cure hemorrhoids, vaginal discharge and mouthwash (Manoy, 2007). But in its development of leaves is used to treat various diseases Including diabetes (Utami & Puspaningtyas, 2013). Drinking red betel leaf boiled water every day can lower blood sugar levels to the normal level (Mardiana, 2012). Red betel leaves
Contain chemical compounds that can lower blood sugar levels are flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins.
According to research conducted by Rice, et al (2015), red betel leaf is used on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) To see the effect on blood sugar levels. The trick is to give the red with betel leaf stew singly or by adding a sugar solution. And the results both Showed a Decrease in blood sugar levels.
An area that Allows for the cultivation of red betel are in damp and shady and can grow well if it gets 60-75% of sunlight (Sudewo, 2010). For Diabetics, red betel leaves will be very useful for lowering blood sugar levels up to 12.6% and it is proven by the 95% confidence level (Suryono, 2012).
3. METHODOLOGY Location and Time
The study took place in the city of Medan, Indonesia for three months, from the
month from January to March 2018. This study aims membuatan food products such as chips and drinks such as tea powder derived from processed red betel leaf (Piper scrotum). The process of making chips and tea from the processed red betel conducted in UNIMED Biology Laboratory and house research. As for the quality analysis conducted at the Laboratory of Biology and Physics Laboratory UNIMED UNIMED.
Materials and Tools
1. Healthy Tea Powder Processing of Betel Leaf Red
The materials used in the processing of healthy tea is Red betel leaf that grows freely in the campus area and the residential area in the city of Medan. While the equipment used is the bowl, Dry Blender, Penepung Tool, Tray, Digital Scales, Knives, jars and other auxiliary equipment.
|
No.
|
tool
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Bowl
|
1 pc
|
|
2
|
Dry blender
|
1 pc
|
|
3
|
tools Penepung
|
1 pc
|
|
4
|
trays
|
1 pc
|
|
5
|
digital Scales
|
1 pc
|
|
6
|
Knife
|
1 pc
|
|
7
|
topless
|
1 pc
|
|
No.
|
material
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Red betel
|
Sufficiently
|
Product Overview:
Products we make-is an economical product and product efficacy. Efficient economical products and products that will we create the form. The efficient product the red betel powder in sachets packing and packaging products in an economical form of forms in the container the jar. At Approximately latest container we use 6 pieces of betel leaf that has been in though and get Netto 7g each latest to be made.
While the economic product in the form of jars we make-in net 1 kg. In the presentation that consumers can Make 1 cup of tea with one scoop of powder the red betel.
2. Healthy Snacks Processing Chips from the Red Betel Leaf
The materials are used mainly in the activities of Red betel leaf, Wheat Flour, Starch, Eggs, Tamarind, Garlic, Lengkoas, coriander, onion, pepper, chili, salt, sugar. While the equipment used is Knife, Frying Pan, Gas, Gas 12 kg, container product yield and other auxiliary equipment.
|
No.
|
tool
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Knife
|
1 pc
|
|
2
|
Pan
|
1 pc
|
|
3
|
gas stove
|
1 pc
|
|
4
|
Gas 12 kg
|
1 pc
|
|
No.
|
material
|
amount
|
|
1
|
Red betel
|
1 kg
|
|
2
|
wheat flour
|
500 g
|
|
3
|
starch
|
500 g
|
|
4
|
having a speech impediment
|
10 items
|
|
5
|
Candlenut
|
Sufficiently
|
|
6
|
garlic
|
10 cloves
|
|
7
|
Lengkoas
|
1 g
|
|
8
|
Coriander
|
1 ounce
|
|
9
|
Red onion
|
10 cloves
|
|
10
|
Pepper
|
1 g
|
|
11
|
cayenne pepper
|
Sufficiently
|
|
12
|
Salt
|
1 tablespoon
|
|
13
|
Sugar
|
2 spoon
|
Product Overview:
Red betel products into a healthy snack chip made in processed form. Chipping red betel we will make up in the form of chips berkemasan 1 kg with storage time based on empirical Approximately 3 months since the start of manufacture.
Research Procedure
The process of making tea powder red betel can be seen in Figure 1.
1. Red betel Tea Powder Processing
Raw materials, red betel
Sanctification and Cleansing
Raw materials in milled/crushed in a blender
Filtration with a filter
Quality Control + Weighing
Packing (packing) with packaging and jars + Perlabelan
Figure 1.
Flowchart of the process of pulverizing the betel leaf.
2. Processing Chips Red Betel
The main thing to make-chips red betel is a good selection of materials. The first step taken was looking red betel leaf.After that red betel washed using clean water. Red betel wash has dried. The dried red betel mixed with dough material that has been provided. The red betel leaf dip into the batter and fry over medium heat until crisp feel. After that add chili seasoning in accordance with the level of spiciness and packaged. The process of
making chips of red betel has been modified can be seen in Figure 2.
Raw materials, Red Bethel
Sanctification and Cleansing
The drying / Drying
Making the Dough + flooring
Red betel chips
Quality Control and Weighing
Packing (packing) with Plastic + Perlabelan
Use and Marketing
Figure 2.
Flowchart of the process of pulverizing the red betel leaves have been modified
Treatment
The treatment in this study is the process of making the red betel and chips done Try and error method to date has been to get the process of making tea and chips of red betel
better, with three replications. Processed products have been consumed and empirical experience gained by the Researchers.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Nutrition Processed Tea and Chips Red Betel
The composition of processed tea and red betel chips in addition to visits of nutrition in it, but Also influenced by the shape and quality of the raw materials used.
Red betel leaf has a lot of benefits and efficacy. Especially the benefits for health and beauty. Some of the content contained in the essential oil produced by the oil fly betel leaves (bisphenol), sesquiterpenes, starch, diastase, sugar and tannic substances and kavikol that has deadly germs, aktioksidasi, and fungicides, anti-fungal.
This product has many advantages Including very safe for our bodies and has properties that are very banyak.Produk It does not use additional preservatives and has a good
flavor.
Overall the quality of processed and red betel the resulting chips from the research is feasible for consumption and developed into a business opportunity that is stable and continuity and can be maintained.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
Marketing of tea and crackers picture beside the preparations of red betel. Industry and the business and crisp red betel can be implemented an if economically advantageous. Therefore, manufacturers need to do a preliminary assessment of the location, keterediaan raw materials, production processes, marketing, and pengaruhnua against language and business analysis.
Business location
Utilization of red betel plants into economically valuable products can be done in various areas. Additionally look for the red betel Habitat is a traditional medicinal plant commonly used in Indonesia can grow and develop Widely in Asian countries. So refined the red betel and banana chips can be made public or individual consumption.
But the Researchers Themselves assess the utilization of processed red betel venture into tea and chips can be economically valuable products when conducted at the Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences University of UNIMED, but It is also in the city of Medan, Indonesia.
Environmental factors in this area are quite suitable for the processing business place and crisp red betel. Thus, in principle, the location is enough support for business activities to Utilize the processing of red betel plants with high economic value.
product marketing
This product can be processed by any industrial or home-based businesses that are marketed in all areas of buying and selling severely in every market, souvenirs figures based or online sales.
Influence of the Environment Area
With the red betel nut processing business the results into products and chips, it can make people keep health with traditional drugs especially in processed engkonsumsi prevented or diabetes mellitus. Indirectly, this effort Also assists the Government in addressing the issue pepenurunan diabetes and another disease.
Judging from the employment opportunities for the surrounding population, this activity will a accommodate sejumah workforce can be recruited from the population Because Reviews These businesses can be developed in the small business community. So the negative impact of this activity known to Belum even more positive values.
5. REFERENCES
Nasi, L., Kairupan, C., Lintong, P. (2015). Efek Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Gambaran Morfologi Endokrin Pankreas Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm) (p. 821-826).
Setyadi, K., Rosalina., Mawardika, T. (2012). Pengaruh Terapi Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Lansia Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Ungaran Barat. PSIK STIKES Ngudi Waluyo Ungaran (p. 1-8).
Suryono. (2012). Efektifitas Daun Sirih Merah untuk Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah pada
Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Akademi Keperawatan Pamenang (p. 20-28).
Utami, P., & Puspaningtyas, E. (2013). The miracle of Herbs (p. 75-169). Agromedia
Pustaka. Jakarta.
It's a good research.. Thank you
BalasHapus