Extended Abstract AIS 2018 Penang English

UTILIZATION OF RED BETEL LEAF (Piper crocatum) AS HEALTHY FOOD AND DRINK TO REDUCE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL IN DIABETES MELI TUS PATIENTS

, Nurul Sakinah AR¹, Narumi Sasilia², Zulfatma Amanda³, Kandita Abdina⁵

Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Medan, Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V, Medan, Indonesia

*corresponding author : 1

ABSTRACT

Piper crocatum better known as red betel is a plant that has many benefits that can have a positive impact on health. Empirically the benefits of red betel can cure various types of diseases such as hepatitis, kidney stones, lower cholesterol, cancer, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Based on the substances in red betel leaves contained active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins can lower blood sugar levels. In Indonesia itself has a problem that is number of people with diabetes. Judging from the potential of substances contained, of course red betel have potential to be processed into beverages and healthy foods to lower blood sugar levels. In addition red betel plant is easy to find and cultivated. However, due to lack of knowledge of the benefits of red betel by the public then fewer people processed it as an alternative medicine. Therefore, this study aims to produce tea from red betel as a beverage and the manufacture of red betel chips as a functional and healthy food or snack. It is expected to be used by the community as a food and drink that potentially lowers blood sugar levels.

Keywords : red betel; diabetes; tea; chips; blood sugar

1.    INTRODUCTION

Red betel leaf are widespread in Indonesia, making it easy to get them. However, in its utilization, many Indonesian people do not know how to use it. They just assume red betel as an ornamental plant, even though its function is very good, including to lower blood sugar for people with diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which levels of glucose in the blood is high because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body can not use the insulin that is produced effectively.

Red betel contains tannins that serve as antidiabetic which stimulates phosphorylation of glucose transport pathway as mediated insulin by binding directly to the insulin receptor. Alkaloids serve to lower blood glucose by inhibiting glucose absorption in intestine. Polyphenols act as antioxidants that may protect cells of the pancreas damage from free radicals.

According to a survey conducted by WHO, Indonesia ranks fourth in the number of diabetes sufferers in the world. Diabetes patients throughout Indonesia are 14 million people because of unhealthy lifestyles. It is estimated that in 2025 increased to twice as much.

           

2.    LITERATURE REVIEW

Utilization of red betel for health is only done based on experience gained from generation to generation. People in Java utilizing red betel to cure hemorrhoids, vaginal discharge and mouthwash. But in its development this leaf is used to treat various diseases including diabetes. Drinking red betel leaf boiled water every day can lower blood sugar levels to the normal level. Blood sugar levels can fall up to 12.6% with 95% success rate. An area that allows for the cultivation of red betels are in damp and shady with 60-75% of sunlight.

Other studies have examined the mechanism of the action of flavonoids that contribute to the activation of inhibitors of aglukosidase as one of the catalysts that serves to bind the hydrolysis of carbohydrates into glucose in the intestine.

According to research conducted by Rice, et al (2015), red betel used on the Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus) to see the effect on blood sugar levels. The trick is to give the red betel leaf stew only or by adding sugar. Results from both samples showed a decrease in blood sugar levels.

3.    METHODOLOGY

1.       Processing of Healthy Tea from Red Betel Leaf

No	Material	Amount
1	Red Betel Leaves	Sufficiently

No	Tool	Total
1	Bowl	1 pc
2	Dry Blender	1 pc
3	Digital Scales	1 pc
4	Knife	1 pc
5	Jar	1 pc

Product Overview:

Product that will be created is the economical and efficient products. The product is in the form of packing sachets where we use 6 pieces of betel that has been processed and get Net 7g for each sachet. Products in economical packaging of tea powder in a jar made in net 1 kg. For serving, consumers can make 1 cup of tea with 1 tea spoon of red betel powder.

Research procedure:

red betel →Purification and Cleaning →Drying →Destroyed with blender →Filtering with filter →Red betel tea powder →Quality Control + Weighing →Packing with Packaging and Jar + Label →Usage and Marketing

No	Material	Amount
1	Red Betel Leaves	1 kg
2	Wheat flour	500 g
3	Starch	500 g
4	Egg	10 items
5	Candlenut	Sufficiently
6	Garlic	10 cloves
7	Galangal	1 gr
8	Coriander	1 oz
9	Red Onion	10 cloves
10	Pepper	1 gr
11	Salt	1 Spoon
12	Sugar	2 Spoons

2.      Processing Healthy Snack Chips from Red Betel Leaf

No	Tools	Total
1	Knife	1 pc
2	Frying Pan	1 pc
3	Stove	1 pc

Product Overview:

Red betel healthy snack made in the form of processed chips. These chips will be made in the form of 1 kg packed chips with empirical based storage time more or less for 3 months from the beginning of manufacture.

Research procedure:

Red betel →Purging and Cleaning →Drying →Making Dough + Siege →Frying and Seasoning →Red betel chips →Quality Control + Weighing →Packing with plastic + Label →Usage and Marketing

4.    RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This product has many advantages including very safe for body, nutritious, do not use additional preservatives and have a good taste.

Overall this product is safe for human consumption and developed into a business opportunity that is stable and can be maintained. Red betel utilization can be done in various areas viewed from its habitat commonly used in Indonesia so it can also grow and expand widely in Asian countries.

The researchers themselves assess the utilization of this product is worth the economic when conducted in Medan, Indonesia. This product can be processed by any industrial or home-based businesses that are marketed in all areas of buying and selling in any market, souvenirs, or online-based sales.

With this product, people can maintain their health in particular prevented diabetes mellitus. Indirectly this business also helps the Government in overcoming diabetes problem and other diseases. Judging from the employment opportunities for the surrounding population, this activity will accommodate a number of workers who can be recruited from the population.

5.    REFERENCES

Nasi, L., Kairupan, C., Lintong, P. (2015). Efek Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Gambaran Morfologi Endokrin Pankreas Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm) (p. 821-826).

Setyadi, K., Rosalina., Mawardika, T. (2012). Pengaruh Terapi Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Lansia Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Desa Candirejo Kecamatan Ungaran Barat. PSIK STIKES Ngudi Waluyo Ungaran (p. 1-8).

Suryono. (2012). Efektifitas Daun Sirih Merah untuk Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Akademi Keperawatan Pamenang (p. 20-28).

Utami, P., & Puspaningtyas, E. (2013). The miracle of Herbs (p. 75-169). Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta.